More UNIX Commands
I have noticed that the overwhelming majority of visitors come to
this page via a Lycos search. This page is probably *not* what you're
looking for - see the links at the bottom of this page for more useful
information!
jobs --- lists your currently active jobs
(those that you put in the background) and their job numbers. Useful to determine
which one you want to foreground if you have lots of them.
bg --- background a job after suspending it.
fg %jobnumber --- foreground a job
!! --- repeat the previous command (but
CTRL-p, is safer, because you have hit return
in addition)
!pattern --- repeat the last command
that starts with pattern
echo $VARIABLE --- shows the value of
an environment variable
setenv --- lets you set environment variables. For
example, if you typed a wrong value for the TERM variable when logging
in, you don't have to log out and start over, but you can just do
setenv TERM vt100 (or whatever). To see what all your
environment variables are set to, type env. The one that
you're most likely to have to set is the DISPLAY variable, when
using an X-display.
unset VAR --- lets you un-set
environment variables. Useful, for example, if you've usually set
autologout but want to stay logged on for a while
without typing for some reason, or if you set the
DISPLAY variable automatically but want to avoid opening
windows for some reason.
source filename --- you need to source your
dotfiles after making changes for them to take effect (or log off and
in again)
load --- will show you the load average graphically
ispell filename --- will check the spelling in your
file. If you're running it on a LaTeX file use the -T option to
tell it to ignore the LaTeX commands. You can create and use your own
dictionary to avoid having it tell you that your own name, those of fellow
linguists, and linguistics terminology are a typos in every paper you
write.
weblint --- checks the syntax of html files
latex2html --- translates LaTeX files into HTML
wn word option --- lets you access the WordNet
database and display, for example, synonyms, hypernyms, or hyponyms,
depending on the option you select
These things are the same as in emacs:
Backspace
--- delete previous character
CTRL-d
---
delete next character
CTRL-k
---
delete rest of line
CTRL-a
---
go to start of line
CTRL-e
---
go to end of line
CTRL-b
---
go backwards without deleting
CTRL-f
---
go forward without deleting
Other useful things
-
TAB --- complete filename or command up to
the point of uniqueness
-
-
CTRL-u --- cancel whole line
-
-
CTRL-p --- show the last command typed, then
the one before that, etc.
- (you can also use the cursor up key for this)
-
CTRL-n --- go forwards in the history of commands
-
(you can also use the cursor down key for this)
-
CTRL-c --- cancel the processes after it has started
-
-
CTRL-z --- suspend a running process (e.g. in order to do something else in between)
-
you can then put the process in the background with
bg
-
CTRL-l --- redraws the screen
-
-
| (piping) --- Lets you execute any
number of commands in a sequence.
- The second
command will be executed once the first is done, and so forth, using
the previous command's output as input. You can achieve the same
effect by putting the output in a file and giving the filename as an
argument to the second command, but that would be much more
complicated, and you'd have to remember to remove all the junkfiles
afterwards. Some examples that show the usefulness of this:
ls | more --- will show you one screenful at
a time, which is useful with any command that will produce a lot of
output, e.g. also ps -aux
man ls | grep time --- checks whether the man page
for ls has something to say about listing files by
time - very useful when you have a suspicion some command may be capable
of doing what you want, but you aren't sure.
ls -lR | grep dvi --- will show you all your dvi
files - useful to solve disk space problems, since they're large and
usually can be deleted.
Some policies on turing
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